• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    EQUIPMENT, METHOD, AND PERMANENT MEDIA READABLE BY COMPUTER An equipment includes at least one processing device (310) configured to determine an ideal pulse width for obtaining level measurements associated with a material (104) contained in a tank (102) . The at least one processing device is also configured to generate a control signal that induces a transmitter (330) from a wave-oriented radar (GWR) (200) to transmit a signal (355) having the ideal pulse width. The at least one processing device is further configured to send the control signal to the transmitter (425, 430). The at least one processing device can also be configured to change the length of the ideal pulse width in order to reduce the false echoes detected by the GWR, reduce the size of an upper dead zone (1020) of the GWR, and / or detect a changing the impedance to identify a failure of a process connector (230) in the GWR.
    公开号:BR102016005490B1
    申请号:R102016005490-7
    申请日:2016-03-11
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Michael Kon Yew Hughes；Ion Georgescu；Cornel Cobianu
    申请人:Honeywell International Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] This disclosure is generally aimed at radar systems. More specifically, this disclosure is aimed at equipment and a method to adjust the width of the radar pulse directed by waves to optimize the measurements. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] [0002] Processing facilities and other facilities routinely include tanks for storing liquid materials and other materials. For example, storage tanks are routinely used in tank park facilities and other storage facilities to store oil or other materials. As another example, oil tanks and other transport reservoirs routinely include numerous storage tanks for oil and other materials. Processing facilities include reservoirs for implementing an industrial process, such as receiving material through a tank inlet, while allowing material to be removed through an outlet of the tank.
    [0003] [0003] It is often necessary or desirable to measure the amount of material stored in a tank, for example, in order to control the level of material in the tank so that it is at the desired level during an industrial process of receiving or releasing the material in the tank. Radar type meters are used to measure a quantity of material stored in a tank. Radar type meters typically transmit signals towards a material in a tank and receive signals reflected from the material contained in the tank.
    [0004] [0004] Unfortunately, radar-type measurements can be influenced by multiple reflections within a tank, such as reflections from the walls, bottom, roof of the tank, and obstructions like agitators, ladders and heating coils. In some situations, false echoes associated with reflected signals from objects other than the material contained in the tank can interfere with the actual reflection resulting from material signals in the tank, causing inaccuracies in level measurements.
    [0005] [0005] In addition, the total capacity of a tank is often used for storage and transfer, and measurement levels typically need to be constantly reliable even when the level of the contained material approaches the bottom or the roof of the tank. This can be difficult to achieve with conventional radar meters. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] [0006] This invention provides equipment and a method for adjusting the width of the radar pulse directed by waves to optimize measurements.
    [0007] [0007] In a first modality, a computer-readable permanent medium incorporates a computer program. The computer program includes a computer-readable program code that when executed causes at least one processing device to determine an ideal pulse width for obtaining the level measurements associated with the material contained in the tank. The computer program also includes a computer-readable program code that, when executed, causes at least one processing device to generate a control signal that induces a wave-directed radar (GWR) transmitter to transmit a signal having the optimal pulse width. The computer program also includes computer-readable program code that when executed causes at least one processing device to send the control signal to the transmitter.
    [0008] [0008] In a second embodiment, an equipment includes at least one processing device configured to determine an ideal pulse width for obtaining level measurements associated with the material contained in a tank. The at least one processing device is also configured to generate a control signal that causes a GWR transmitter to transmit a signal having the ideal pulse width. The at least one processing device is further configured to send the control signal to the transmitter.
    [0009] [0009] In a third embodiment, a method includes determining an ideal pulse width to obtain the level measurements associated with the material contained in a tank. The method also includes the generation of a control signal that causes a GWR transmitter to transmit a signal having the ideal pulse width. The method also includes sending the control signal to the transmitter.
    [0010] [00010] Other technical characteristics may be readily apparent to one usually versed in the technique from the Figures, descriptions and claims presented below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0011] [00011] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its characteristics, reference is now made to the description presented below, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 illustrates a representative system for adjusting a wave radar pulse width to optimize material measurements in a tank according to the present invention; Figures 2A and 2B illustrate an example of wave-oriented radar according to the present invention; Figure 3 illustrates examples of wave-oriented radar components in Figure 2 according to the present invention; Figure 4 illustrates an example of a process for adjusting a radar pulse width directed by waves to optimize the measurements according to the present invention; Figure 5 illustrates a relationship between the example of pulse width and control voltage on a wave-directed radar according to the present invention; Figure 6 illustrates examples of waveforms representing the signals used to measure the material in a tank according to the present invention; Figures 7A and 7B illustrate an example of the time-domain waveform of a bipolar pulse and a representative transformation of the bipolar pulse used on a wave-oriented radar according to the present invention; Figures 8 and 9 illustrate examples of handling a “sound signal” nozzle effect on wave-oriented radar in accordance with the present invention; Figures 10 and 11 illustrate examples of reducing the height of a dead measurement zone with a wave-oriented radar according to the present invention; Figures 12A and 12B illustrate a representative process connector according to the present invention; and Figure 13 illustrates the representative waveforms of the reflected energy from a process connector, according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0012] [00012] Figures 1 to 13, discussed below, and the various examples used to describe the principles of the present invention in the present patent document are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present invention can be implemented in any suitable way and in any type of device or system suitably arranged.
    [0013] [00013] Figure 1 illustrates an example of system 100 for adjusting a pulse width of wave-oriented radar (GWR) to optimize the measurements of the material contained in a tank according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, system 100 includes a tank 102, which represents any suitable structure for receiving and storing at least one material 104. Tank 102 can be of any suitable shape and size. Tank 102 may also be part of a larger structure, such as any fixed or unstable structure containing or associated with one or more tanks 102 (such as a tanker-type vessel, wagons, or truck or a fixed tank park). The interior of tank 102 includes a floor 106 at the bottom and a roof 108 at the top. In certain embodiments, the tank has an open top without a roof.
    [0014] [00014] Tank 102 can be used to store any suitable material 104, such as one or more fuels, petroleum or other processed or unprocessed hydrocarbons. In addition, a single material 104 can be stored in tank 102 or several materials 104 can be stored in tank 102. Depending on the material (s) 104 stored in tank 102, material (s) 104 can sometimes “stratify” or form multiple layers. In the example shown in Figure 1, there are two layers 110a-110b of material 104, and an interface 112 is formed where the top surface of the first layer 110a meets the bottom surface of the second layer 110b. As a particular example, tank 102 can be used to separate oil from water, in which case, interface 112 represents where the bottom surface of the oil separates from the water. In addition, an armament interface exists on the top top surface 114 of the second layer 110b, and the air-material interface indicates the top of material 104 in tank 102.
    [0015] [00015] A roof 116 of tank 102 includes one or more openings or doors 118a-118b that provide access to an interior of tank 102, and nozzles 120a-120b can be coupled to doors 118a-118b. In this example, the nozzle 120a is in alignment with the roof 108 of the tank 102, while the nozzle 120b is not in alignment with the roof 108 and extends some distance into the tank 102. A wave-oriented radar (GWR) 200 is a radar-based level transmitter. The GWR 200 can be mounted to an upper end 122 of the nozzle 120b in order to keep the GWR 200 away from material 104, even when the tank is full 102. A length of 124 indicates the distance between the upper end 122 of the nozzle 120b and a lower end 126 of the nozzle 120b. The nozzle 120b also has an internal diameter 128. Note that the shapes of the ports and nozzles shown here are examples only and that the ports and nozzles can have any other suitable configurations.
    [0016] [00016] System 100 also includes a main control unit (MCU) 130, which controls the overall operation of system 100. For example, MCU 130 can receive level measurements from the GWR 200, control automatic loading or unloading of material 104 into or out of tank 102, and generate an alarm when material level 104 approaches the top or bottom of tank 102 or when a possible leak is detected in tank 102. MCU 130 can be located remotely relatively to the GWR 200, such as 50-100 meters away. In certain embodiments, system 100 does not include MCU 130, in which case, the GWR 200 can provide an analog output that directly controls one or more actuators, such as a valve.
    [0017] [00017] In some embodiments, a waveguide 132 can be used to direct or route the signals from the GWR 200 to material 104. The waveguide 132 comprises any structure suitable for directing the signals.
    [0018] [00018] In particular modalities, the GWR 200 Time Domain Refractometry (TDR) to obtain material level measurements 104 in tank 102. For example, the GWR 200 can generate and transmit signals in the descent into the tank 102 and receiving the reflected signals emanating from the contents of tank 102. The signals can be reflected from the upper surface 114 of material 104, from any interfaces 112 between the different layers of material in tank 102, from floor 106 of tank 102, and from any obstacles inside tank 102 (such as agitators, ladders, and heat coils). The GWR 200 or MCU 130 can analyze received signals to estimate a total height 134 of material 104 in tank 102 and possibly the heights 136-138 of the different layers of material 104 in tank 102.
    [0019] [00019] Level measurements can be made with reference to a “zero reference” point. For example, the zero reference point may denote floor 106 of tank 102 or 122 of the upper tip of nozzle 120b. Level measurements can also be made for a known distance, such as a total distance of 140 between the upper end 122 of the nozzle 120b and the floor 106 of the tank 102. In certain embodiments, the GWR 200 or MCU 130 receives a user input of the total distance value 140, which is used to indicate the bottom of the tank, allowing a level measurement to be issued in relation to the floor 106.
    [0020] [00020] MCU 130 includes any structure suitable for controlling a level meter for a tank, for example, by controlling actuators that affect the flow of material into or out of the tank. For example, MCU 130 can include at least one processing device 130a, 130b, at least one memory and at least one interface 130c. Each processing device 130a includes any suitable computing or processing device, such as a microprocessor, micro controller, digital signal processor (DSP), field programmable port arrangement (FPGA), dedicated integrated circuit (ASIC), or devices discrete logic. Each 130b memory includes any suitable storage and retrieval device, such as random access memory (RAM), flash or read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage device, solid state storage device, storage device optical, or other storage and recovery device. Each interface 130c includes any suitable structure to facilitate communication over a connection or network, such as a wired interface (such as an Ethernet interface) or a wireless interface (such as a radio frequency transceiver) or an electrical signal network (for example, a HART or FOUNDADION FIELDBUS network).
    [0021] [00021] In certain modalities, only GWR 200 performs functions (such as TDR functions) to measure the level of material 104 in tank 102. In other modalities, depending on the application, the functions of the GWR 200, such as measuring the level of material in the tank, are divided over GWR 200 and other electronic devices of the system 100. For example, the GWR 200 can include processing circuits or other components that analyze received signals and identify the level measurements, and the GWR 200 can pass such measurements level for the MCU 130 for use in level control. In certain embodiments, the processing circuits of the GWR 200 are implemented as a microprocessor in a printed circuit board (PCBA) assembly that runs ‘firmware’. As another example, the GWR 200 can transmit and receive signals and provide information about the signals to the MCU 130, which uses the information to identify level measurements. The functionality for identifying level measurements can also be divided between the MCU 130 and the GWR 200, in any suitable way.
    [0022] [00022] As described in more detail below, the pulse width of the signals generated by the GWR 200 can be controlled in order to improve the accuracy of measurements of the level of material 104 contained in tank 102. The functionality to identify the desired pulse width it can be implemented inside the GWR 200 or outside the GWR 200 (as in the MCU 130).
    [0023] [00023] Although Figure 1 illustrates an example of a system 100 for adjusting a GWR pulse width to optimize measurements of the material contained in a tank, several modifications can be made to Figure 1. For example, the functional division shown in Figure 1 is for illustration only. Various components in Figure 1 can be combined, further subdivided, reordered, or omitted, or additional components can be added according to particular needs.
    [0024] [00024] Figures 2A and 2B illustrate an example of GWR 200 according to this disclosure. For ease of explanation, the GWR 200 of figures 2A and 2B is described as being used in system 100 of Figure 1. However, GWR 200 can be used in any other suitable system.
    [0025] [00025] As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the GWR 200 includes an electronic communication device compartment 210, an electronic sensor device compartment 220, a process connector 230, and a probe 240. The electronic communication device compartment 210 accommodates or otherwise includes a terminal block, a screen for presenting level measurements to a local user, a communication interface for communicating with the MCU 130, and a user interface for receiving input parameters entered by the user. The sensor 220 electronics compartment includes an energy storage module and sensor electronics. Process connector 230 includes a process seal for isolating the electronics housing from sensor 220 from the environment within a tank 102 while allowing probe 240 to be exposed to the environment within tank 102. Probe 240 conducts the transmitted pulses from the electronics compartment of the sensor 220 to material 104 and leads the pulses reflected inside the tank 102 back to the electronics compartment of the sensor 220. In some embodiments, the probe 240 includes a waveguide, such as a waveguide 132. Examples of waveguides include a rod, a rope, a double rod / rope, and a coaxial probe.
    [0026] [00026] Although Figures 2A and 2B illustrate an example of a GWR 200, several modifications can be made to Figures 2A and 2B. For example, the internal components of the GWR 200 can be arranged in any suitable manner within the various sections 210-240 of the GWR 200. In addition, the form factor of the GWR 200 is for illustration only.
    [0027] [00027] Figure 3 illustrates examples of components of the GWR 200 in Figure 2 according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3, the GWR 200 includes the communication electronics compartment 210, which includes a communication interface that connects to the GWR 200 and enables the GWR 200 to communicate with a screen, the MCU 130, or the other us interface or process interface. The communication interface supports any suitable communication, such as wireless transfer or communications over a local area network, electrical signal network (such as a HART or FOUNDATION FIELDBUS network), Universal Serial Bus (“USB”), or other wired connection. The terminal block inside the communication electronics compartment 210 enables the GWR 200 to operate in one cycle. That is, the GWR 200 uses large amounts of energy for brief periods intermittently and accumulates charge (for example, in capacitors) for the remainder of the time. Therefore, the terminal block acts as a voltage and current source for the components of the GWR 200.
    [0028] [00028] Energy storage module for the sensor electronics compartment 220 includes a 305 power supply that supplies electrical power to the sensor electronics. The power supply 305 can represent any suitable source of operating energy, such as a battery, a capacitor battery, fuel cells or solar cells. The sensor electronics of the sensor electronics compartment 220 includes an analyzer 310. Analyzer 310 controls one or more functions of the GWR 200, including operations to adjust or change the GWR pulse width to optimize the measurements described in more detail below. For example, analyzer 310 may include a programmable controller, digital acquisition hardware (DAQ) to capture information about reflected signals received inside tank 102, and processing hardware (such as a microprocessor, microcontroller, PCBA, DSP, FPGA, ASIC, or discrete logic) for processing information in order to identify level measurements.
    [0029] [00029] As described in more detail below, analyzer 310 can determine an ideal pulse width for the signals that the GWR transmits to tank 102. Analyzer 310 also identifies (for example, in a look-up table) a control voltage which corresponds to the ideal pulse width and uses the control voltage to control the other components of the GWR 200 to achieve the desired pulse width. For example, analyzer 310 can determine the optimal pulse width using parameters stored in memory or parameters entered by a user via the communication electronics compartment 210. Representative parameters can include the inside diameter 128 of the nozzle 120b, the height of the tank 140, the length 124 of the nozzle 120b, and the type of mounting used to couple the GWR 200 to the tank 102.
    [0030] [00030] The reflected signals from the material of 104 or structures in a tank 102 are analyzed by the analyzer 310 to identify the level measurements. For example, analyzer 310 can identify and classify the waveforms peaks of the received signals and estimate the length of the paths taken by the signals reflected from the upper surface 114 of material 104, any interfaces 112 between the different layers of materials in tank 102, the end of the probe, the floor 106 of tank 102, and any obstacles inside tank 102. Analyzer 310 can also determine the flight time for various reflected signals, where the flight time represents the time elapsed since the transmission of a signal until the signal is received.
    [0031] [00031] Analyzer 310 may include a DAC 320. Alternatively, DAC 320 receives a digital signal from analyzer 310, converts the received signal into an analog format, and provides formatted analog signals to the pulse generator 315.
    [0032] [00032] The GWR 200 includes a pulse generator 315 and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 320. The pulse generator 315 is configured, in response to receiving a control signal having a control voltage, to generate pulses of 355-357 signals transmitted into the tank 102. The pulse widths of the 355-357 signals emitted from the pulse generator 315 are determined by the voltage supplied by the analyzer 310 to the pulse generator 315. The transmitted signals 355-357 they may have equal or different pulse widths that penetrate different depths in reservoir 102. Pulse generator 315 provides an analog signal to a transmitter 330 for transmission into the tank 102 via the waveguide. Note that pulse generator 315 or DAC 320 may be included in transmitter 330.
    [0033] [00033] Although shown as separate elements, transmitter 330 and receiver 335 can represent a single transceiver. Transmitter 330 includes any structure (s) for providing signals for transmission. The receiver 335 includes any structure (s) for obtaining and processing the received signals.
    [0034] [00034] Receiver 335 receives signals 360-362 that have been reflected from the interfaces of the materials or objects contained in tank 102. As shown in Figure 3, the 360-362 signals received by receiver 335 include signals 360-362 that reflect from an air-material interface on the upper surface 114, signals 361-362 that reflect from interface 112, and signals 362 that reflect from bottom 106 of tank 102.
    [0035] [00035] The GWR 200 includes one or more sensors, such as 350, a transducer that converts reflected signals into electrical signals that can be processed by the 310 analyzer. Several other types of sensors can also be used in the GWR 200. In some embodiments, an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter converts analog signals from sensor 350 to digital signals for analyzer 310.
    [0036] [00036] In some embodiments, sensors 350 include a temperature sensor that informs analyzer 310 of the temperature associated with the analyzer circuit 310 and pulse generator 315. For example, the temperature sensor can measure the temperature of the air at around the circuit of analyzer 310 and pulse generator 315. As another example, the temperature sensor can measure the temperature of the circuit (for example, the semiconductor in the ASIC). The GWR 200 can be configured to operate within a standard range of industrial temperatures (such as from -40 ° C to + 85 ° C), and semiconductor materials with GWR 200 components (such as the 315 pulse generator) may exhibit varied performances at different operating temperatures. As a specific example, the pulse generator can generate pulses 315 of different widths in response to the same control voltage when operating at different temperatures. The GWR 200 can react to the effect of temperature to achieve a desired pulse width by adjusting the control voltage as a function of the measured temperature. As such, the GWR 200 can adjust the voltage to transmit a pulse with a desired pulse width at any operating temperature at any operating temperature within an industry standard temperature range. Automatic maintenance of pulse consistency across the industry standard temperature range is a technical advantage of the GWR 200.
    [0037] [00037] Although Figure 3 illustrates examples of GWR 200 components in Figure 2, several modifications can be made to Figure 3. For example, the internal components 305-350 contained in the GWR 200 can be arranged in any suitable way; within the various sections 210-240 of the GWR 200.
    [0038] [00038] Figure 4 illustrates an example of process 400 for adjusting a wave radar pulse width to optimize measurements in accordance with the present disclosure. For ease of explanation, process 400 in Figure 4 is described as being used in system 100 in Figure 1 with the components shown in Figure 3. However, process 400 can be used in any other suitable device or system.
    [0039] • reduzir o tamanho de uma zona morta; • detecção de fugas de fluido de processo para o conector de processo 230; e • diferenciar um objeto (tal como um tubo de entrada) submerso no material 104, do material 104 propriamente. [00039] Process 400 can be used to reduce false echoes (also called false reflections) associated with the GWR 200. For example, in order to reduce or avoid the nozzle effect and reduce false echoes, process 400 includes selection of an ideal pulse width that is above a threshold, such as a cut-off frequency (fcutoff). Process 400 can also be used to provide other technical advantages, such as: • reduce the size of a dead zone; • leak detection of process fluid to process connector 230; and • differentiate an object (such as an inlet tube) submerged in material 104, from material 104 itself.
    [0040] [00040] As shown in Figure 4, the parameters associated with a nozzle are determined in step 405. The parameters can, for example, include nozzle diameter 128 and nozzle length 124. In some embodiments, system 100 receives these parameters from a user, such as via an MCU 130 or GWR 200 user interface. In other modalities, parameters can be obtained from memory, such as when parameters were previously supplied to the GWR 200 or when the GWR 200 is configured to measure levels in tanks 102 that share common parameters.
    [0041] [00041] An ideal pulse width for the GWR is determined in step 410. For example, in order to reduce the false echoes associated with the nozzle effect, the system 100 can select a pulse width corresponding to a frequency greater than or equal to a calculated cutoff frequency (fcutoff), such that most of the radar pulse energy occurs in a lower frequency bandwidth than the cutoff frequency. System 100 can perform this calculation in an 'online' mode (such as in response to the obtained parameters) or in an 'offline' mode (such as by generating a table of fcutoff values corresponding to a set of nozzle dimensions). Equation (1) below expresses a representative relationship between the fcutoff value in gigahertz (GHz) and the nozzle dimensions and the probe dimensions.
    [0042] [00042] A control voltage corresponding to the ideal pulse width is calculated or determined in step 415. For example, system 100 can determine the control voltage using an equation or a lookup table, where the input parameters are the temperature and the desired pulse width. For example, system 100 can calculate the voltage required to cause pulse generator 315 to output signals having the desired pulse width. In some embodiments, the system uses a model (such as shown in Figure 5) to determine the control voltage corresponding to a pulse width. Note that the pulse width is generally inversely proportional to the bandwidth.
    [0043] [00043] A determination is made in step 420 whether the control voltage should be adjusted to compensate for the temperature. Even when the ideal pulse width has been determined, the actual pulse width emitted from the pulse generator 315 can vary due to temperature or batch variation. The GWR 200 can help provide more consistent performance within a range of operating temperatures by applying an adjustment to the control voltage. When a voltage adjustment is appropriate, an adjusted control voltage is generated using a DAC (such as DAC 320) in step 425. Otherwise, when a voltage adjustment is not appropriate, an unadjusted control voltage is generated using a DAC (such as DAC 320) in step 430.
    [0044] [00044] An analog signal is supplied to a pulse generator at an adjusted or unadjusted level in step 435. In response to the voltage level received, the pulse generator generates and emits a pulse in the corresponding pulse width. One or more levels of material in a tank are identified in step 440. Each level can be determined in any suitable way, such as using TDR and time-of-flight calculations. Analyzer 310 controls transmitter 330 to output a series of signals that are used to obtain level measurements during this time. For example, a series of signals can include thousands or tens of thousands of pulses. In particular modes, the GWR 200 can transmit a pulse per microsecond.
    [0045] [00045] The levels of the objects in the tank are broken down from the material level (s) 104 in the tank in step 445. Examples of objects in the tank 102 may include an inlet pipe, a horizontal flange, or other solid structure. Object differentiation allows the GWR 200 to avoid interpreting a reflection from an object as being from material 104 or its interface.
    [0046] [00046] During this process, analyzer 310 determines the pulse width for each signal in a series of signals transmitted from the GWR 200, in order to differentiate the object. For example, analyzer 310 can instruct transmitter 330 for output signals 355-357, in multiple pulse widths. The 310 analyzer can use an Equivalent Time Sampling (ETS) technique or another technique in which each pulse corresponds to a certain range of measurements.
    [0047] [00047] The GWR 200 implements techniques to carry out ETS. As a specific example, the GWR 200 can perform ETS by having a pair of pulses, each of which is generated by a separate oscillator circuit. The first pulse triggers the generation of pulses. The second pulse determines the timing of the pulse reflection sampling. For example, if the second pulse goes on for a nanosecond (ie, 10-9 seconds) after the first pulse, then the sampling distance is 2 * 1e-9 seconds = 15 cm away. Each successive receiving pulse has a slightly longer time delay representing an additional, for example, 6 mm, such that the probe is sampled at distances of 15 cm, 15.012 cm and so on with each successive pulse. Other techniques can be used to carry out ETS without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
    [0048] [00048] Although Figure 4 illustrates an example of a 400 process for adjusting a GWR pulse width to optimize measurements, several modifications can be made in Figure 4. For example, although shown as a series of steps, several steps in Figure 4 can overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur any number of times.
    [0049] [00049] Figure 5 illustrates a relationship between the example between pulse width and control voltage (V) in a GWR according to the present disclosure. In particular, Figure 5 shows a graphical representation of the negative lobe of the pulse versus control voltage (V), which is denoted by line 505. Line 505 can be used to define a model that is used to identify an associated control voltage with a desired pulse width.
    [0050] [00050] Figure 6 illustrates examples of waveforms that represent the signals used to measure the material in a tank according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, transmitter 330 transmits signals 605-620 to tank 102 in different pulse widths associated with control voltages of 0.25 V, 0.5 V, 0.75 V, 1.0 V and, respectively. As shown here, the waveforms of the transmitted signals vary according to the pulse widths.
    [0051] [00051] Figures 7A and 7B illustrate an example of a time-domain 700 waveform of a bipolar pulse and a representative transform 705 of the bipolar pulse used on a wave-oriented radar in accordance with the present disclosure. In Figure 7A, the horizontal axis represents time in nanoseconds, and the vertical axis represents the electric field. In the 700 waveform, each half pulse is 0.5 ns wide, and the peak-to-peak time interval is 1 ns.
    [0052] [00052] In Figure 7B, the bipolar pulse frequency spectrum of transform 705 is in the frequency domain. The horizontal axis represents frequency in gigahertz, and the vertical axis represents Fourier coefficients. The 705 spectrum shows that the bipolar pulse has no direct current (DC) component, while a frequency bandwidth of 3 decibels (dB) is less than that of a unipolar Gaussian pulse having a width of 0.5 ns (FWHM) and a 3 decibel (dB) FFT spectrum of about 0.85 GHz. In the case of a unipolar (monopolar) Gaussian pulse, the product of the peak-to-peak time interval Δf) is greater than or equal to 0.44 Δt x Δf ≥ 0.44). In the case of other configured pulses, the relationship between the peak-to-peak time interval and the bandwidth is more complex.
    [0053] [00053] The transformation between Figures 7A and 7B shows that a FFT of a waveform produces a spectrum. A reduction in the peak-to-peak time interval (Δt) produces an increase in bandwidth. As such, if the bandwidth of a signal transmission increases in the frequency range of the higher order modes, the higher order modes become excited and appear as "beeps" in the reflected signals. In this example, the pulse energy is predominantly disposed within the 0-2GHz bandwidth, as shown by the increase in spectrum amplitude below 2 GHz compared to the much lower level of spectrum energy above 2 GHz. the “beep” can occur at frequencies above 2 GHz, in this example, the cutoff frequency is positioned at about 2 GHz.
    [0054] [00054] Figures 8 and 9 illustrate examples of handling a nozzle “beep” effect in a GWR according to the present disclosure. In this example, it is assumed that the receiver of the GWR 200 is arranged inside a six inch diameter nozzle, where the received signal is generated in response to a transmission of a unipolar signal through the same nozzle. In Figure 8, the unipolar signal transmitted from the GWR 200 has a pulse width of 250 ns, and the waveform is not inverted. In Figure 9, the unipolar signal transmitted from the GWR 200 has a pulse width of 750 ns.
    [0055] [00055] The waveforms in Figures 8 and 9 were obtained by simulating level-type reflections in a metallic tank and measuring the response of the GWR 200 system. In Figure 8, a reflection of the probe tip in the air was used as a reflection model. This reflection model is similar to a reflection level, except that the signal is not reversed as may be the case for a level reflection. That is, the probe of the GWR 200 was disposed in the air of the empty tank such that the probe tip is disposed 1.2 m from the upper reference point 122 and the floor 106 is disposed substantially greater than 1.2 m apart and does not influences reflection. In Figure 9, to simulate the level of a metallic tank, a perfect electrical conductor (PEC) was modeled 1.2 m from the upper reference point 122. A PEC creates a reflection very similar to a real liquid level to that of a amplitude difference. Peak 810 is the same signal as the question mark, but peak 910 (due to reflection on the surface) is in position relative to the phase of the question mark. In other words, the interrogation peak and peak 810 are in the downward direction; still in Figure 9, peak 910 is in the downward direction and the interrogation pulse is in the upward direction. Regardless of the reflection signal, the behavior observed in the mouthpiece effects is similar to a real system, with the combination of the mouthpiece size and pulse width. As the sound signal effect is determined by the injector geometry in conjunction with the pulse width, a similar “sound signal” result can be obtained when the received signal arrives from the upper surface 114 of the material to be measured, but the peak phase of a material's surface depends on the type of material.
    [0056] [00056] As shown in Figure 8, a waveform 805 has a "beep" nozzle effect, meaning peaks unrelated to material 104 or structures in tank 102 are detected by the GWR 200 during the time since transmission of the 250 ns pulse-width unipolar signal until the reception of its reflection from the tip of the probe. That is, the transmission of the 250 ns pulse-width unipolar signal into the tank through the nozzle produces the false echoes shown that interfere with the desired reflections, such as when the tank is no longer empty. A peak 810 represents a reflection of the probe tip (a peak with a phase change is obtained when the received signal arrives from the upper surface 114 of the material in tank 102), but interference peaks can have equal or greater amplitudes and timing as the peak 810. The “beep” nozzle effect within the 805 waveform is an indicator that the greater bandwidth corresponding to the 250 ns pulse is too high for the six inch diameter nozzle and that the pulse is very short, so higher order modes are generated in that nozzle for that pulse duration. These higher order parasitic modes interfere with good modes, which are at the origin of the parasitic sound signal effects in Figure 8.
    [0057] [00057] As shown in Figure 9, a 905 waveform contains about four times fewer peaks within the same time interval compared to the 805 waveform in Figure 8. Peaks that can be mistaken for a measurement level present a problem (present in Figure 8) that is not present in Figure 9. The absence of detectable interference from the 905 waveform is an indicator that a lower bandwidth corresponding to a wider pulse width of 750 ns is to avoid the “beep” nozzle effect on the six inch diameter nozzle. A 910 peak clearly represents a reflection of a simulated interface, as simulated by a perfect electrical conductor (PEC) for the purposes of modeling simplicity, but the results are similar when the signal received arrives from the upper surface 114 of the actual material contained in the tank 102 (the 910 peak phase will be switched). When implementing process 400 that seeks to accurately measure the level of material in tank 102 and avoid false echoes, analyzer 310 can determine that a transmission from the GWR 200 to a six-inch nozzle must have a pulse width greater than 250 nodes, such as a pulse width of 750 ns.
    [0058] [00058] Figures 10 and 11 illustrate examples of reducing the height of a dead zone of measurements with a wave-oriented radar in accordance with the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the GWR 200 cannot accurately detect the level of material in tank 102, when material 104 is within a minimum distance from the top of the probe (such as probe 240). For example, short pulse transmissions can interact with process connector 230 and generate false echoes. Therefore, that zone is referred to as the upper dead zone. The size of the dead zone varies depending on the pulse width of the signal transmitted from the GWR 200. The GWR 200 can therefore adjust the width of the transmission pulses to obtain material level measurements in the vicinity of the upper end 122 nozzle 120b.
    [0059] [00059] A graph of 1000 in Figure 10 shows a larger dead zone corresponding to a bipolar signal transmitted from the GWR at a pulse width of 750 ns. A 1100 graph in Figure 11 shows a smaller dead zone corresponding to a bipolar signal transmitted from the GWR at a pulse width of 250 ns. The vertical axis in each figure represents the amplitude of the reflected signals received by the GWR receiver that is arranged inside a nozzle, where the received signal is in response to a transmission of a bipolar signal through the same nozzle into the tank. The horizontal axis in each figure represents a distance calculated in meters (m) with reference to the upper reference point at the upper end 122 of the nozzle 120b (meaning that the upper reference point is located at zero measurement in graphs 1000 and 1100).
    [0060] [00060] As shown in Figure 10, the example of waveform 1005 represents a signal received by the GWR 200 with a rod probe arranged through a nozzle into a tank containing an oleic acid level. The waveform 1005 represents the signals reflected from the oleic acid level (approximately 0.7 m away). A 1020 dead zone line represents the minimum range / maximum level measurement for bipolar transmissions over a pulse width of 750 ns. The dashed vertical line 1025 indicates a peak position for the upper surface level 114, but also the interface level (such as interface 112) and the tip of the probe level are shown in waveform 1005. Note that in this example , an industrial oil is below the interface level.
    [0061] [00061] In Figure 11, an exemplary waveform 1105 represents a signal received by the GWR 200 with the rod probe disposed through a nozzle inside a tank containing the same oleic acid as in Figure 10. A 1120 dead zone line represents the minimum measurement level for bipolar transmissions over a pulse width of 250 ns. The dashed vertical line 1125 indicates a peak position for the upper surface level 114.
    [0062] [00062] As you can see here, the dead zone 1120 line in figure 11 is closer to the zero measurement level than the dead zone 1020 line in Figure 10. This indicates that the GWR 200 can obtain accurate level measurements near from the top of the probe adjusting for shorter transmission pulse widths.
    [0063] [00063] The examples in Figures 8 to 11 show that a pulse width that is too short causes false echoes and interference in a higher order, an increased pulse width causes an enlarged dead zone, and a pulse width that is too long term causes inaccuracies. Therefore, the GWR 200 is configured to set or change the pulse width of the signals transmitted to the tank. For example, the GWR 200 can increase the pulse width length in order to reduce false echoes, reduce the pulse width length in order to reduce the size of the upper dead zone of the GWR. Therefore, determining the ideal pulse width involves an exchange between resolution and the degree of false reflections.
    [0064] [00064] Although Figures 5 to 11 illustrate graphs representative of the various characteristics, these graphs are only illustrative. Other graphs showing different characteristics can also be used depending, for example, on the design of the GWR 200 and the environment in which the GWR 200 is used.
    [0065] [00065] Figures 12A and 12B illustrate a representative process connector 1200 in accordance with the present disclosure. In particular, Figure 12A shows a solid view of the side of process connector 1200, and Figure 12B shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the center of process connector 1200. Process connector 1200 can be the same or similar, and can operate in the same or similar way, as the process connector 230 in Figure 2.
    [0066] [00066] When a primary seal (such as an O-ring) of the process connector 1200 fails, material (such as that contained in the tank) may migrate to an atmospheric ventilation opening of the process connector 1200 or migrate into an annular or hollow cavity 1205 below a secondary seal (such as a glass-metal seal) of process connector 1200. The vacuum material 1205 can change the characteristic impedance of that section of process connector 1200 and reflect a signal that the receiver GWR detects. Analyzer 310 can use the reflected signal from the empty section of process connector 1200 as a diagnostic indicator that the primary seal has failed. Analyzer 310 can induce MCU 130 to generate an alarm indicating to a user that the primary seal has failed and schedule a replacement or repair of process connector 1200.
    [0067] [00067] An example of this is shown in Figure 13, which illustrates representative waveforms 1305-1310 of the energy reflected from within a process connector in accordance with the present disclosure. The waveform 1305 represents the energy reflected from inside the process connector 1200, when the void 1205 is empty. Waveform 1310 represents energy reflected from inside process connector 1200 when process fluid is present in void 1205. An increase in amplitude in a 1310 waveform area is indicative of the presence of process fluid within void 1205 The increase in amplitude in an area of the 1310 waveform is caused by a change in the impedance characteristic of the process connector section 1200 containing the gap 1205. The presence of the process fluid in the gap 1205 changes the impedance in that section of the process connector 1200 with respect to the reference impedance when the vacuum 1205 is empty. As noted above, an alarm or other appropriate indicator can be generated when a fault, such as a leak in process connector 1200, is detected.
    [0068] [00068] In certain embodiments, the GWR 200 is configured to periodically test to determine if the process fluid is present in the 1205 vacuum. The test duration is temporary, and the GWR 200 resumes taking measurements on the material contained in the tank after the test. For example, twice a day the GWR 200 periodically conducts the test to detect the presence of process fluid in the vacuum 1205 by changing or temporarily reducing the length of the pulse width to map the multiple reflections caused by the process connector 1200. During the test, the pulse width can be reduced to a minimum. The GWR 200 uses the mapped waveforms of the complete void 1205 to compare with the waveforms received during the test to detect whether process connector 1200 filled with fluid or degraded due to interaction with the process. For example, the ripples in the negative distance area, which is to the left of the dead zone 1120 line in Figure 11, represent various signal reflections within process connector 1200 before the GWR flange at the upper end 122 with a short pulse width , even if the ripples disappear from the negative distance area of Figure 10, which is the left side of the dead zone 1020 line, due to the more elongated pulse width.
    [0069] [00069] Although Figures 12A and 12B illustrate an example of a process connector 1200, several modifications can be made to Figures 12A and 12B. For example, any other suitable process connector 1200 having any suitable design can be used with a GWR 200. Although Figure 13 illustrates examples of energy waveforms reflected from within a process connector, several modifications can be made to Figure 13. For example, the waveforms shown here are examples only, and other waveforms may exist depending (among other things) on the design of the process connector 1200 and the leakage of material into the process connector 1200.
    [0070] [00070] In some modalities, several functions described above are implemented or supported by a computer program that is formed from a computer-readable program code and that is materialized in a computer-readable medium. The phrase “computer-readable program code” means any type of computer code, including source code, object code and executable code. The phrase “computer-readable media” includes any type of media capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD ), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type of memory. Computer-readable “permanent” media excludes wired, wireless, optical or other types of links that carry transient electrical signals or other signals. Computer-readable permanent media includes media where data can be permanently stored and media where data can be permanently stored or later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or a erasable memory device.
    [0071] [00071] It may be advantageous to provide definitions of certain terms and phrases used throughout this patent document. The terms "application" and "program" refer to one or more computer programs, software components, instruction sets, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion adapted for implementation in code appropriate computer code (including source code, object code or executable code). The terms "include" and "comprise", as well as their derivatives, mean inclusion without limitation. The term "or" is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase “associated”, as well as its derivatives, can mean inclusion, being included within, interconnecting with, containing, being contained within, connecting to or with, coupling to or with, being communicable with, cooperating with, intermingling, juxtaposing, be close to, be connected to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship with or with, or the like. The phrase “at least a d”, when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the items listed can be used, and only one item on the list may be required. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.
    [0072] [00072] Although this disclosure has been described in certain generally associated modalities and methods, changes and changes in these modalities and methods will be evident to the one usually versed in the technique. Therefore, the above description of representative modalities does not define or restrict that disclosure. Other exchanges, substitutions and changes are also possible without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, as defined by the claims presented below.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    EQUIPMENT, characterized by comprising: at least one processing device (310) configured to: determining an ideal pulse width for obtaining level measurements associated with a material (104) contained in a tank (102); generating a control signal that induces a transmitter (330) of a wave-oriented radar (GWR) (200) to transmit a signal (355) having the ideal pulse width; and send the control signal to the transmitter; where the ideal pulse width is inversely proportional to a cutoff frequency that has a maximum value, the cutoff frequency having a value based on: a diameter (128) of a nozzle (120b) to which the GWR is mounted; a diameter of a probe (240) of the GWR; and a relative dielectric constant of a material between the probe's internal and external conductors.
    [0002]
    Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one processing device is additionally configured to modify a length of the ideal pulse width in order to at least one of: reduce the false echoes detected by the GWR by increasing the length of the pulse width; and reduce a size of an upper dead zone (1020) of the GWR by reducing the length of the pulse width.
    [0003]
    Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one processing device is additionally configured to: temporarily change a length of the ideal pulse width in order to detect the presence of material in a GWR process connector (230); receiving reflected signals associated with the altered pulse width; and in response to detecting an impedance change from a reference impedance, generate an indicator that identifies a process connector failure.
    [0004]
    Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one processing device is additionally configured for: receiving a temperature measurement associated with the GWR analyzer and pulse generator circuit; determining a control voltage of the control signal that induces the GWR transmitter to transmit the signal having the ideal pulse width; adjust the control voltage of the control signal based on the measured temperature; and generate the control signal having the control voltage set.
    [0005]
    Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the ideal pulse width is based on all of: the diameter (128) of the nozzle; the diameter of the probe; and the relative dielectric constant of the material between the internal and external conductors of the probe.
    [0006]
    Equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the ideal pulse width corresponds to a frequency lower or equal to a cut-off frequency that has a value based on: in the nozzle diameter, the diameter of the probe; and in the relative dielectric constant of the material between the internal and external conductors of the probe.
    [0007]
    Equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that a multiplier is used to adjust the approximate cutoff frequency.
    [0008]
    METHOD, characterized by understanding: determine (410) an ideal pulse width for the obtaining the level measurements associated with a material (104) contained in a tank (102); generating (415) a control signal that induces a transmitter (330) of a wave-oriented radar (GWR) (200) to transmit a signal having the ideal pulse width; and sending (425, 430) the control signal to the transmitter; where the ideal pulse width is inversely proportional to a cutoff frequency that has a maximum value, the cutoff frequency having a value based on: a diameter (128) of a nozzle (120b) to which the GWR is mounted; a diameter of a probe (240) of the GWR; and a relative dielectric constant of a material between the probe's internal and external conductors.
    [0009]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: change a length of the ideal pulse width in order to reduce the false echoes detected by the GWR by increasing the length of the pulse width.
    [0010]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: change a length of the ideal pulse width in order to reduce the size of an upper dead zone (1020) of the GWR by reducing the length of the pulse width.
    [0011]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: temporarily changing a length of the ideal pulse width in order to detect the presence of material in a GWR process connector (230); receiving reflected signals associated with the altered pulse width; and in response to detecting an impedance change from a reference impedance, generate an indicator that identifies a process connector failure.
    [0012]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: receiving a temperature measurement associated with the GWR analyzer and pulse generator circuit; and determining a control voltage of the control signal that induces the GWR transmitter to transmit the signal having the ideal pulse width; adjust the voltage of the control signal based on the measured control temperature; and generate the control signal having the control voltage set.
    [0013]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises: receive (405) user input identifying the totality of: the diameter (128) of the nozzle; the diameter of the probe; and the relative dielectric constant of the material between the internal and external conductors of the probe; and determine the ideal pulse width based on the totality of parameters.
    [0014]
    Method according to claim 13, characterized in that it corresponds to a frequency that is less than or equal to a cutoff frequency that has a value based on in the nozzle diameter, in the probe diameter, and in the dielectric constant of the material between the inner and outer conductor of the probe.
    [0015]
    PERMANENT MEDIA READABLE BY COMPUTER, CHARACTERIZED by materializing a computer program, the computer program comprising a computer-readable program code that when executed induces at least one processing device (310) to: determining (410) an ideal pulse width for obtaining the level measurements associated with a material (104) contained in a tank (102); generating (415) a control signal that induces a transmitter (330) of a wave-oriented radar (GWR) (200) to transmit a signal (355) having the ideal pulse width; and sending (425, 430) the control signal to the transmitter; where the ideal pulse width is inversely proportional to a cutoff frequency that has a maximum value, the cutoff frequency having a value based on: a diameter (128) of a nozzle (120b) to which the GWR is mounted; a diameter of a probe (240) of the GWR; and a relative dielectric constant of a material between the probe's internal and external conductors.
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    US10310056B2|2019-06-04|
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    CN105974373B|2021-06-29|
    BR102016005490A2|2016-09-13|
    EP3067711A1|2016-09-14|
    US20160266240A1|2016-09-15|
    EP3067711B1|2019-12-18|
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    法律状态:
    2016-09-13| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-12| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 11/03/2016, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EPEP15158997.5|2015-03-13|
    EP15158997.5A|EP3067711B1|2015-03-13|2015-03-13|Apparatus and method for adjusting guided wave radar pulse width to optimize measurements|
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